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What is N-Declension? (N-Deklination)
Some masculine Nouns (Nomen) require the so called the N-Declension.
These Nouns have an extra -(e)n ending in the singular Accusative, singular Dative, and singular Genitive cases.
⇒ With N-Deklination they look like the Plural form.
Important: The Nominative stays the same and never uses N-Deklination.
The "Genitive-s" is overwritten by N-Deklination.
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When do we use N-Deklination?
All 4 conditions have to be fullfilled:
⇒ ALL CONDITIONS MUST BE FULFILLED
Simple 4-Step-Guide
Step 1: Is the noun used in the Accusative, Dative or Genitive case?
- Nein ⇒ No N-Deklination
„Der Franzose ist freundlich.” Nominative ⇒ Keine N-Declension
- Ja ⇒ Continue to Step 2
„Der Deutsche gibt dem Franzosen einen Tipp.“
Step 2: Is it a person or an animal?
- Nein ⇒ No N-Deklination
- Ja ⇒ Continue to Step 3
„Der Deutsche gibt dem Franzosen einen Tipp.“
„einen Tipp“: nein ⇒ keine N-Declension
„dem Franzosen“ ⇒ ja
Step 3: Is the noun masculine and singular?
- Nein ⇒ No N-Deklination
- Ja ⇒ Continue to Step 4
„Der Deutsche gibt dem Franzosen einen Tipp.“
„dem Franzosen“ ⇒ ja
Step 4: Does the noun use an „-n“ or „-en“ ending for it's plural form?
- Nein ⇒ No N-Deklination
- Ja ⇒ Yes, you have to use the N-Deklination
„Der Deutsche gibt dem Franzosen einen Tipp.“
„die Franzosen“ ⇒ ja ⇒ N-Deklination
Summary
The Noun must take on an „-n“ or „-en“ ending when:
- it is Masculine,
- it is a person or an animal,
- the plural ends in „n“ or „en“ and
- it is not in the Nominative case.
All 4 conditions must be fulfilled.
Attention: Check list of exceptions below!
Exceptions of the 4-Conditions-Rule:
The 4 conditions rule works for almost all nouns, but there are a few exceptions:
1. You have to use N-Deklination for the following nouns (even though not all of the four rules are fulfilled):
- der Automat, die Automaten: den Automaten – dem Automaten – des Automaten
- der Planet, die Planeten: den Planeten – dem Planeten – des Planeten
- der Konsonant, die Konsonanten den Konsonanten – dem Konsonanten – des Konsonanten
- der Hydrant, die Hydranten: den Hydranten – dem Hydranten – des Hydranten
- das Herz, die Herzen: das Herz - dem Herzen - des Herzens
2. You do NOT use N-Deklination for these nouns (even though all rules are fulfilled).
- der Doktor, die Doktoren: den Doktor – dem Doktor – des Doktors
- der Drachen, die Drachen: den Drachen - dem Drachen - des Drachens
3. The N-Deklination is used together with the "Genitive-s" for the following nouns:
- der Gedanke, die Gedanken: den Gedanken – dem Gedanken – des Gedankens
- der Glaube, kein Plural: den Glauben – dem Glauben – des Glaubens
- der Wille, die Willen: den Willen – dem Willen – des Willens
- der Frieden, (kein Plural): den Frieden – dem Frieden – des Friedens
- der Name, die Namen: den Namen - dem Namen - des Namens
Related Topics:
Entire lesson in German only: N-Deklination
- Was sind Nomen? (What are Nouns?)
- Genus - der, die, das (Gender - der, die, das)
- Der Plural (Plural - all forms)
- Kasus (German Cases)
- Nominativ (Nominative)
- Akkusativ (Accusative)
- Dativ (Dative)
- Genitiv (Genitive)
More lessons about Declension:
- Deklination von Artikeln (Declension of Article)
- Deklination von Adjektiven (Declension of Adjective)
- Deklination von Pronomen (Declension of Pronouns)
More information on German sentence structure and word order: Satzbau (Sentence Structure).
You can find an overview of all topics under German Grammar.
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