Trennbare Verben (Separable Verbs)

What are Separable Verbs? (Trennbare Verben)

  • In German, we can create more verbs by adding Prefixes to already existing verbs. This changes the meaning of the verb.
  • When conjugated, some verbs are separated from their prefix ⇒ Separable Verbs.
  • For other verbs, the verb and the Prefix remain together even after conjugation ⇒ Inseparable Verbs.

The Prefix determines to which of these groups a Verb belongs to.

Examples:

Simple Verb:

  • „Ich stehe in der Küche.“

Separable Verb:

  • „Ich stehe jeden Morgen um 6 Uhr auf.“

Inseparable Verb:

  • „Ich verstehe dich nicht.“

Separable Prefixes (Trennbare Vorsilben)

The most important: ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, ein-, gegen-, hoch-, los-, mit-, nach-, vor-, weg-, weiter-, zurück-, da-, hin-, her-, raus-, rein-, rüber-, runter-

Others are: auseinander-, bei-, empor-, entgegen-, entlang-, entzwei-, fern-, fest-, fort-, gegenüber-, heim-, hinterher-, nieder-, zu, zurecht-, zusammen-

Examples:

  • abfahren – „Ich fahre morgen ab.“
  • aufstehen – „Du stehst um 6 Uhr auf.“
  • rausgehen – „Ich gehe heute nicht raus.“
  • mitkommen – „Ich komme zu dir mit.“

Interesting Fact:

Most Separable Prefixes of Separable Verbs can also be used as a Preposition or Adverb in another context. ⇒ If you know the Prefix as an independent word, the Verb is almost always Separable.

Inseparable Prefixes (Untrennbare Vorsilben)

The most important: be-, ent-, er-, ver-, zer-

Others are: miss-, fehl-, a-, de(s)-, dis-, ge-, im-, in-, non-, re-, un-

Examples:

  • verstehen – „Du verstehst den Satz nicht .“
  • bestehen – „Er besteht die Prüfung am Montag.“
  • erfinden – „Ich erfinde etwas Neues.“
  • entdecken – „Er entdeckt ein Geheimnis.“

Separable and Inseparable

For the prefixes durch-, hinter-, über-, unter-, um-, wieder-, and wider-, the verb determines whether it is Separable or Inseparable.

„durchqueren“: inseparable

  •   „Ich durchquere den Tunnel.“

„durchschneiden“: separable

  •   „Ich schneide das Band durch.“

Some words are both Separable and Inseparable. In these cases, the meaning differs (This occurs very rarely).

  • „Er umfährt das Schild.“ ⇒ Er fährt um das Schild herum.Deutsche Grammatik: trennbare Verben
  • „Er fährt das Schild um.“ ⇒ Er fährt gegen das SchildDeutsche Grammatik trennbare Verben

Remember:

The rule is: for Separable Verbs we stress the Prefix, for Non-Separable Verbs we stress the syllable after the Prefix.

Recommendation: Lists

For even more examples on all separable and non-separable verbs and prefixes, also check out my lists on Non-Separable Prefixes and Alternative Prefixes.

When do you actually separate Separable Verbs?

You only have to separate a separable prefix if you conjugate the verb:

  • „Ich schlafe ein.“
    (If you conjugate "einschlafen" ⇒ you have to separate it.)

or form the past participle:

In the Past Participle, "ge" goes between the prefix and the verb.

  • „Ich bin eingeschlafen.“

You do not separate it if a Modal or Auxiliary Verb is conjugated:

  • „Ich kann nicht einschlafen.“
    ("Können" is conjugated, while the separable verb "einschlafen" is not ⇒ you do not separate "einschlafen.")

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Conjugation of Trennbare Verben

No matter which the Prefix is at the beginning or whether it is Separable / Inseparable, the verb is conjugated just like the Simple Verb (without Prefix).

  • „Ich schlafe immer sehr spät ein.“ -  - Ich schlafe.
  • „Er steht montags um 6 Uhr auf.“ – Er steht.

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Related Topics:

Entire lesson in German only: Trennbare & Untrennbare Verben

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