Do you prefer to read this lesson Steigerung der Adjektive in German? Switch language now!
What is the Comparison of Adjectives? (Steigerung der Adjektive)
When we want to compare things, sometimes we need to put Adjectives into the comparative or superlative form.
There are three levels:
- Normal Adjective ⇒ „Das Haus ist groß.“ (+)
- Comparative Form ⇒ „Das Haus ist größer.“ (++)
- Superlative Form ⇒ „Das Haus ist am größten.“ (+++)
The Comparative Form (Der Komparativ)
Steigerung der Adjektive - Komparativ Video lesson
Use of the Comparative:
The comparative form is used when one thing is bigger, smaller, better, worse, more interesting, less interesting, etc. than another.
In English, it's done with the ending "-er" or the words "more" or "less."
Constructing the Comparative:
Adjective + „-er“: The comparative form is made by taking the adjective and adding the ending "-er."
After the comparative form come the word "als" and the second noun (what we're comparing the subject to).
Examples:
- „Kevin rennt schneller als Max.“
- „Lisa ist kleiner als Maria.“
Exceptions:
If the adjective ends in „-el“, the „e“ is taken out in the comparative form (but not in the superlative form).
- edel – edler – am edelsten
- sensibel – sensibler – am sensibelsten
- dunkel – dunkler – am dunkelsten
- flexibel – flexibler – am flexibelsten
If the adjective ends in a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) + „-er,“ the „e“ in the comparative form is taken out.
- teuer – teurer – am teuersten
- sauer – saurer – am sauersten
- sauber – sauberer – am saubersten
Adjectives rarely end in „-er.“
In one-syllable adjectives, an umlaut (ä,ö,ü) is added.
- groß – größer – am größten
- klug – klüger – am klügsten
- alt – älter – am ältesten
Special offer: 5 Ebooks for Free!
Do you like EasyDeutsch? When you buy my Ebooks, you get exercises and even more simple, easy-to-understand explanations, and you also actively support me. Right now there is an offer where you get all 10 EasyDeutsch ebooks for the price of 5 ebooks! Get my ebooks today at a special price: Yes, I want the ebooks and over 100 bonus lessons!
The Superlative Form (Der Superlativ)
Steigerung der Adjektive - Superlativ Video lesson
Use of the Superlative:
The superlative describes things that are the most extreme - the biggest, the smallest, the best, the worst, the most interesting,...
Constructing the Superlative:
There are two ways to construct the superlative
- definite article + adjective + „-ste“
- „am“ + adjective + „-sten“
Examples
- „Kevin ist der schnellste Läufer.“
- „Kevin rennt am schnellsten.“
Things to Watch Out For
For adjectives ending in „d,“ „t,“ „s,“ „ß,“ „x,“ or „z,“ form the superlative with „-esten“
- leicht – leichter – am leichtesten
- heiß – heißer – am heißesten
- schlecht – schlechter – am schlechtesten
Exception: groß – größer – am größten
One-syllable adjectives usually have an umlaut in the superlative form
- groß – größer – am größten
- klug – klüger – am klügsten
- alt – älter – am ältesten
Irregular Adjectives - Comparative and Superlative
A few adjectives have irregular comparative and/or superlative constructions:
Declension for Comparative & Superlative
If the comparative or superlative form comes before a noun, then the adjective must be declined just like a normal adjective.
- „Er hat ein schnelleres Auto als ich.“ (Accusative - Neuter)
- „Jan ist ein besserer Lehrer als Max.“ (Nominative - Masculine)
- „Jermaine ist der schnellste Mann der Welt.“ (Nominative - Masculine)
In the comparative form we simply add the ending. In the superlative form we adjust the ending „-en“ according to the normal rules of adjective declension.
Are you still having problems with the German cases?
If the German cases still cause you great difficulties, I now have the solution for you!
After you read my book/ebook: „Nominative, Accusative, Dative or Genitive? - No Problem!“ you'll even be able to explain the cases to your friends! Guaranteed - or you'll get your money back!
Other Ways to Compare Things
The so called "positive form" of the adjective is the base form and can also be used to compare.
The comparison is created by combining the positive form with the phrases:
so / genauso … wie (⇒ the same / equal)
- „Jan ist so schwer wie Marcel.“
- „Jan ist genauso schwer wie Marcel.“
Meaning: Jan weighs the same as Marcel.
halb so… wie (⇒ half)
- „Der Kuchen ist halb so groß wie der andere.“
doppelt so … wie (⇒ double / twice)
- „Der Kuchen ist doppelt so groß wie der andere.“
fast so… wie (⇒ close / almost)
- „Der Kuchen ist fast so groß wie der andere.“
nicht so … wie (⇒ not the same)
- „Der Kuchen ist nicht so groß wie der andere.“
In these cases, the word "wie" is used similarly to the English phrase "as... as": "The cake is half as big as the other," "The cake is almost as big as the other," and so on.
Related Topics:
Entire lesson in German only: Steigerung der Adjektive
- Was sind Adjektive? (What is Adjective?)
- Adjektivdeklination (Adjective Declension)
- Adjektivdeklination - Schritt für Schritt (Adjective Declension - a step by step guide)
- Das Partizip als Adjektiv (The Participle as an Adjective)
- Adjektive und Partizipien als Nomen (Adjective and Participle as Noun)
- Adjektivbildung (Adjective Formation)
In order to use Adjective intensification, the Comparative and the Superlative correctly, you must also be familiar with Articles and the German cases:
- Bestimmte Artikel (Definite Article)
- Unbestimmter Artikel (Indefinite Article)
- Possessivartikel (Possessive Article)
- Negativartikel "kein" (Negative Article "kein")
- Nullartikel (Zero Article)
- Deutsche Fälle (German Cases)
You can find an overview of all topics under German Grammar.
Recommendation: Free video lessons every Tuesday & Thursday
Sign up now: Email German Grammar course