German Conjunctions „als“ and „when“? (Temporalsätze)
„Wenn“ and „als“ are both used to talk about when something happened.
When talking about the past, we use „als“ if it occured once and „wenn“. if it occurred more than once.
When talking about the present or future, we always use „wenn“.
Talking about the Future (In der Zukunft)
Always use „wenn“
- „Ich werde immer glücklich sein, wenn du mich besuchst.“
⇒ every time - „Ich werde froh sein, wenn du gesund wieder zurück kommst.“
⇒ will occur once
Attention:
„Wenn“ can be seen as a condition (Konditionalsatz - Conditional Clause) or a point in time (Temporalsatz -Temporal Clause). Depending on what is in the foreground in the sentence.
Talking about the Present (Im Präsens)
Always „wenn“:
- „Ich komme nach Hause, wenn ich mit der Arbeit fertig bin.“
⇒ one time - „(Immer) wenn ich nach Hause laufe, komme ich am Kino vorbei.“
⇒ regularly
Attention:
Again, „wenn“ can be understood as a condition or a point in time. Depending on what is in the foreground.
Talking about the Past (In der Vergangenheit)
When talking about the past, you have to choose between „wenn“ and „als“. Use „als“ when it only happened once. Otherwise use „wenn“:
- „Als ich ein Kind war, habe ich hier immer Fußball gespielt.“
⇒ I was only a kid one time ⇒ als - „(Immer) wenn ich in Berlin war, sind wir feiern gewesen.“
⇒ I was in Berlin multiple times ⇒ wenn - „Heute bin ich schon im Büro gewesen, als du angekommen bist.“
⇒ You only arrived one time ⇒ als
Word Order
Both „wenn“ and „als“ are subordinate conjunctions: they go at the beginning of a subordinate clause and send the verb to the end of the clause.
The subordinate clause can come before or after the main clause. Put the most important clause first.
When it's obvious from the context, you can leave out the main clause:
- „Wann kommst du nach Hause?“ - „Wenn ich mit der Arbeit fertig bin.“
- „Wann hast du dich mit Tim getroffen?“ - „Als ich in Berlin war.“
If it's not clear from the context, you have to say the whole thing:
- „Wenn ich mit der Arbeit fertig bin, komme ich nach Hause.“
- „Ich komme nach Hause, wenn ich mit der Arbeit fertig bin.“
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Summary
Usually the subordinate clause comes before the main clause, but either way is possible.
If it's obvious from the context, you can leave out the main clause.
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Related Topics:
„als/wenn“- Temporalsätze are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are introduced by the following Unterordnende Konjunktionen (Subordinating Conjunctions):
- „dass“- Ergänzungen (Contemplementary Clauses
- „weil/da“- Kausalsätze (Causal Clauses)
- „obwohl“- Konzessivsätze (Concessive Clauses)
- „damit“- Finalsätze (Final Clauses)
- „wenn/falls“- Konditionalsätze (Conditional Clauses)
- „so dass“- Konsekutivsätze (Consecutive Clauses)
- „indem“- Modalsätze (Modal Clauses)
- Temporal Konjunktionen (Temporal Conjunctions)
Subordinate Clauses include:
- Indirekte Fragen (Indirect Questions)
- Relativsätze (Relative Clauses)
- Infinitiv mit zu (Infinitive Clauses)
- „um/ohne/anstatt... zu...“-Infinitivkonstruktionen (Infinitive Construction)
More information on Sentence Structure and Word order: Satzbau
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